API RP 941, Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants, Eighth Edition, is a recommended practice developed and published by the American Petroleum Institute (API). This RP is intended to help identify and manage equipment potentially subject to high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) by putting into place practical operating limits for carbon and low alloy steels in hydrogen service at elevated temperatures and pressures. This RP also discusses how the resistance of steels to hydrogen damage can be affected by high stress, heat treating, chemical composition, and cladding. A summary of inspection methods to evaluate equipment for the presence of HTHA is also included. The first edition of the recommended practice was originally published in January 1997, and the most recent release is the eighth edition, published in February 2016.
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Blog
December 27, 2018 By John Reynolds at Intertek
A quick summary of some of the important topics that were discussed at the Fall Meeting, including the upcoming API Inspection and Mechanical Integrity Summit, subcommittee activities, and progress with the API Individual Certification Program. |
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September/October 2018 Inspectioneering Journal
By Michael Nugent at Equity Engineering Group, and Timothy Armitt at LINDT, UK
This article discusses the advances in NDE that have given owners increased confidence on how to assess equipment integrity in HTHA service providing risk prioritization of equipment as well as providing the ability to make more reliable run/repair/replace decisions. |
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November/December 2014 Inspectioneering Journal
By Gerrit M. Buchheim, P.E. at Becht Engineering Co., Inc.
This article provides background on HTHA, discusses some current developments in HTHA inspection and mitigation, and describes how one refiner is instituting an HTHA risk management plan for its refineries along with challenges they have encountered. |
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Blog
January 20, 2014 By Jeremiah Wooten at Inspectioneering, LLC.
Last week we mentioned three important tips to consider when addressing high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA). This week, we'd like to provide the reader with a few helpful resources that deal with the topic of HTHA. |
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November/December 2010 Inspectioneering Journal
By John Reynolds at Intertek
High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) is a long known and still occurring degradation issue for fixed equipment construction materials in the hydrocarbon process industry where hydroprocess plants (hydrogen plus hydrocarbons) are in service. Though HTHA failures in these units are the focus of this article, it is important to recognize that HTHA damage can also occur in high pressure boiler tubes, hydrogen producing units, synthetic gas units, ammonia plants and other equipment where hydrocarbons may not be involved but high temperatures are involved. |
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January/February 2005 Inspectioneering Journal
By John Reynolds at Intertek
HTHA falls into multiple categories of corrosion mechanisms, including environmentally assisted cracking, hydrogen assisted cracking, and high temperature degradation. Sometimes HTHA is confused with low temperature hydrogen cracking mechanisms that result from hydrogen being driven into steels by aqueous corrosion reactions. |
