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Aboveground Storage Tanks (AST) are large containers usually made of metal and resting on top of the ground, designed to temporarily hold a number of different liquid or gas substances. These substances can range from water to crude oil to various chemical...
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The American Petroleum Institute (API) is a trade organization that represents the oil and gas industry in the United States. Since 1924, API has been the leader in developing equipment and operating standards for the oil and natural gas industry. API works with...
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API 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, is an inspection code developed and published by...
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API 570, Piping Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems, is an inspection code developed and published by the
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API 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, is a standard developed and published by the
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Chemicals are forms of matter with a constant composition and properties. Virtually everything that physically exists is made up of chemicals, or a mixture of multiple chemicals. For this reason, chemicals are incredibly important in the process industries. Along with virtually every...
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Codes and Standards are the rules and regulations released by both governmental and non-government agencies in order to establish an agreed upon method of operation for conducting business. A proficient understanding of the codes and standards within each discipline is important...
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Corrosion and Materials is a field of study that focuses on understanding the causes and mechanisms of corrosion. According to API 510...
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Damage Mechanisms (also referred to as degradation mechanisms) is a general term referring to any cause of problems or failures within process equipment. These can range from corrosion, to...
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The Oil and Gas industry is commonly divided into the three major sectors: Upstream, which includes oil and gas exploration and production;
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Inspection is the practice of examining the physical condition of materials, components, or entire pieces of equipment in order to determine if and for how long it will operate as intended. Inspection plays a vital role in any...
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Mechanical Integrity (MI) can be defined as the management of critical process equipment to ensure it is designed and installed correctly, and that it operates and is maintained properly (i.e. no leaks and all elements are fit for service). A mechanical integrity program should...
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One of the three major sectors of the oil and gas business, Midstream refers to the transportation and storage of crude oil and natural gas. After production, petroleum products can be transferred by pipeline, rail, truck, oil tanker or barge for further refining and/or...
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Nondestructive Testing (NDT) consists of a variety of non-invasive inspection techniques used to evaluate material properties, components, or entire process units. The techniques can also be utilized to detect, characterize, or measure the...
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Petrochemicals are the chemical products derived from petroleum and natural gas at different stages in the refining process. In some instances, a specific chemical included among the petrochemicals may also be obtained from other sources, such as coal or...
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Pipeline Integrity Management (PIM) is the cradle-to-grave approach of understanding and operating pipelines in a safe, reliable manner. PIM programs are systems managed by pipeline owner-operators that consider all stages of the pipeline life cycle, from conception, to...
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Pipelines are metal or plastic tubes of varying sizes used to transport crude oil, refined petroleum products, and natural gas liquids from production areas to refineries and other processing facilities all around the world. Pipelines transport billions of barrels of crude oil...
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In every processing facility, you have feedstock and product that need to get from point A to point B. Piping is the vehicle that moves these liquids and gasses through a refinery or chemical processing plant. They can be made of steel, cast iron, copper, plastic, or...
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Pressure Vessels are containers which are designed to hold liquids, vapors, or gases at high pressures, usually above 15 psig. Examples of common pressure vessels used in the petroleum refining and...
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Reliability is a special attribute that describes the dependability of a component. This means that the component consistently performs a desired function under certain conditions for a certain period of time in order to meet business goals and...
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Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) is an analysis methodology and process that, as opposed to condition-based inspection, requires qualitative or quantitative assessment of the probability of failure (PoF) and the consequence of failure (CoF) associated with each equipment item, piping...
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A terminal is an industrial facility used to store oil and/or petrochemical products. Terminals are made up of underground storage tanks, aboveground storage tanks, or both, and
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Upstream is one of the three major sectors of the oil and gas business, which also includes Midstream (transportation and storage) and
